STM32 EXIT外部中断

Kozakemi Lv4

大量参考江协科技 视频,十分感谢给出的教程

什么是EXTI

EXTI可以检测GPIO的电平,当电平变化时,EXIT向NVIC发出中断申请,由NVIC裁决中断的执行情况,之后执行EXIT对应的中断程序

触发方式

上升沿、下降沿、双边沿、软件触发

支持的类型

支持所有的GPIO,但是相同的Pin不可同时触发中断例如PA0和PB0,这两个是冲突的

通道数量

16个GPIO_Pin,PVD输出、RTC闹钟、USB唤醒、以太网唤醒

触发响应方式

中断响应/事件响应

基本结构

image-20230917195831598

AFIO类似于数据选择器,会在GPIOXx中选择选择其一

外部中断9_5 15_10,只会触发一个中断函数,但是通过GPIO_ReadInputDataBit可以判断中断触发线,即可得知中断触发自何处

如何配置

总览:

RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);

GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource14);

EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);

NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);

NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI15_10_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

配置时钟

RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);//启用外设时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);//启用AFIO的时钟

//EXTI默认开启无需配置也无法配置
//NVIC也是,内核的外设,无法涉及

配置GPIO

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;//8.1.11,上拉输入
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;//Pin14
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;//50Mhz
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);

设置输入模式

1、定义结构体 GPIO_InitTypeDef

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;//8.1.11,上拉输入
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;//Pin14
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;//50Mhz

2、使用定义的结构体初始化

GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);

配置AFIO

选择连接到EXTI的GPIO

连接GPIO

GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource14);

配置AFIO选择器

/**
* @brief Selects the GPIO pin used as EXTI Line.
* @param GPIO_PortSource: selects the GPIO port to be used as source for EXTI lines.
* This parameter can be GPIO_PortSourceGPIOx where x can be (A..G).
* @param GPIO_PinSource: specifies the EXTI line to be configured.
* This parameter can be GPIO_PinSourcex where x can be (0..15).
* @retval None
*/
void GPIO_EXTILineConfig(uint8_t GPIO_PortSource, uint8_t GPIO_PinSource)

参数

1、中断源 例如PB14 为GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB

2、指定配置的外部中断线 例如PB14 为GPIO_PinSource14

相关函数:

void GPIO_AFIODeInit(void);//复位AFIO外设
void GPIO_PinLockConfig(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin);//锁定GPIO配置防止更改
/*配置AFIO的事件输出功能*/
void GPIO_EventOutputConfig(uint8_t GPIO_PortSource, uint8_t GPIO_PinSource);
void GPIO_EventOutputCmd(FunctionalState NewState);
void GPIO_PinRemapConfig(uint32_t GPIO_Remap, FunctionalState NewState);//引脚重映射
void GPIO_EXTILineConfig(uint8_t GPIO_PortSource, uint8_t GPIO_PinSource);//配置AFIO选择器
void GPIO_ETH_MediaInterfaceConfig(uint32_t GPIO_ETH_MediaInterface);//与以太网相关

配置EXTI配置

EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);

触发方式与响应模式

结构体及其初始化

创建EXTI_InitStruct结构体

EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;

以下是配置结构体的步骤

/** 
* @brief EXTI Init Structure definition
*/

typedef struct
{
uint32_t EXTI_Line; /*!< Specifies the EXTI lines to be enabled or disabled.
This parameter can be any combination of @ref EXTI_Lines */

EXTIMode_TypeDef EXTI_Mode; /*!< Specifies the mode for the EXTI lines.
This parameter can be a value of @ref EXTIMode_TypeDef */

EXTITrigger_TypeDef EXTI_Trigger; /*!< Specifies the trigger signal active edge for the EXTI lines.
This parameter can be a value of @ref EXTIMode_TypeDef */

FunctionalState EXTI_LineCmd; /*!< Specifies the new state of the selected EXTI lines.
This parameter can be set either to ENABLE or DISABLE */
}EXTI_InitTypeDef;

EXTI_Line:设置EXTI lines的组合

/** @defgroup EXTI_Lines 
* @{
*/

#define EXTI_Line0 ((uint32_t)0x00001) /*!< External interrupt line 0 */
#define EXTI_Line1 ((uint32_t)0x00002) /*!< External interrupt line 1 */
#define EXTI_Line2 ((uint32_t)0x00004) /*!< External interrupt line 2 */
#define EXTI_Line3 ((uint32_t)0x00008) /*!< External interrupt line 3 */
#define EXTI_Line4 ((uint32_t)0x00010) /*!< External interrupt line 4 */
#define EXTI_Line5 ((uint32_t)0x00020) /*!< External interrupt line 5 */
#define EXTI_Line6 ((uint32_t)0x00040) /*!< External interrupt line 6 */
#define EXTI_Line7 ((uint32_t)0x00080) /*!< External interrupt line 7 */
#define EXTI_Line8 ((uint32_t)0x00100) /*!< External interrupt line 8 */
#define EXTI_Line9 ((uint32_t)0x00200) /*!< External interrupt line 9 */
#define EXTI_Line10 ((uint32_t)0x00400) /*!< External interrupt line 10 */
#define EXTI_Line11 ((uint32_t)0x00800) /*!< External interrupt line 11 */
#define EXTI_Line12 ((uint32_t)0x01000) /*!< External interrupt line 12 */
#define EXTI_Line13 ((uint32_t)0x02000) /*!< External interrupt line 13 */
#define EXTI_Line14 ((uint32_t)0x04000) /*!< External interrupt line 14 */
#define EXTI_Line15 ((uint32_t)0x08000) /*!< External interrupt line 15 */
#define EXTI_Line16 ((uint32_t)0x10000) /*!< External interrupt line 16 Connected to the PVD Output */
#define EXTI_Line17 ((uint32_t)0x20000) /*!< External interrupt line 17 Connected to the RTC Alarm event */
#define EXTI_Line18 ((uint32_t)0x40000) /*!< External interrupt line 18 Connected to the USB Device/USB OTG FS
Wakeup from suspend event */
#define EXTI_Line19 ((uint32_t)0x80000) /*!< External interrupt line 19 Connected to the Ethernet Wakeup event */
。。。

例如PB14为 EXTI_Line14,EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14;

EXTI_Mode:设置中断线模式

/** 
* @brief EXTI mode enumeration
*/

typedef enum
{
EXTI_Mode_Interrupt = 0x00,//中断模式
EXTI_Mode_Event = 0x04//事件模式
}EXTIMode_TypeDef;

EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;

EXTI_Trigger:设置触发边沿

/** 
* @brief EXTI Trigger enumeration
*/

typedef enum
{
EXTI_Trigger_Rising = 0x08,//上升沿触发
EXTI_Trigger_Falling = 0x0C,//下降沿触发
EXTI_Trigger_Rising_Falling = 0x10//上升下降都触发
}EXTITrigger_TypeDef;

EXTI_LineCmd:设置是否启用中断触发

ENDABLE or DISABLE

EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;

初始化EXTI

/**
* @brief Initializes the EXTI peripheral according to the specified
* parameters in the EXTI_InitStruct.
* @param EXTI_InitStruct: pointer to a EXTI_InitTypeDef structure
* that contains the configuration information for the EXTI peripheral.
* @retval None
*/
void EXTI_Init(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct)
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);

相关函数:

void EXTI_DeInit(void);//清除EXTI配置
void EXTI_Init(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct);//配置EXTI外设
void EXTI_StructInit(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct);//为传递的结构体赋初值
void EXTI_GenerateSWInterrupt(uint32_t EXTI_Line);//软件触发外部中断
/*标志位 12主程序用 34中断中用*/
FlagStatus EXTI_GetFlagStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line);//获取指定标志位
void EXTI_ClearFlag(uint32_t EXTI_Line);//清除标志位
ITStatus EXTI_GetITStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line);//获取中断标志位是否置1
void EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(uint32_t EXTI_Line);//清除挂起中断标志位

配置NVIC

NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);

NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI15_10_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

设置NVIC分组

/**
* @brief Configures the priority grouping: pre-emption priority and subpriority.
* @param NVIC_PriorityGroup: specifies the priority grouping bits length.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_0: 0 bits for pre-emption priority
* 4 bits for subpriority
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_1: 1 bits for pre-emption priority
* 3 bits for subpriority
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_2: 2 bits for pre-emption priority
* 2 bits for subpriority
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_3: 3 bits for pre-emption priority
* 1 bits for subpriority
* @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_4: 4 bits for pre-emption priority
* 0 bits for subpriority
* @retval None
*/
void NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(uint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_NVIC_PRIORITY_GROUP(NVIC_PriorityGroup));

/* Set the PRIGROUP[10:8] bits according to NVIC_PriorityGroup value */
SCB->AIRCR = AIRCR_VECTKEY_MASK | NVIC_PriorityGroup;
}
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);

设置为2分组、2抢占、2响应

创建NVIC_InitTypeDef结构体

NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI15_10_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
typedef struct
{
uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannel; /*!< Specifies the IRQ channel to be enabled or disabled.
This parameter can be a value of @ref IRQn_Type
(For the complete STM32 Devices IRQ Channels list, please
refer to stm32f10x.h file) */

uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority; /*!< Specifies the pre-emption priority for the IRQ channel
specified in NVIC_IRQChannel. This parameter can be a value
between 0 and 15 as described in the table @ref NVIC_Priority_Table */

uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority; /*!< Specifies the subpriority level for the IRQ channel specified
in NVIC_IRQChannel. This parameter can be a value
between 0 and 15 as described in the table @ref NVIC_Priority_Table */

FunctionalState NVIC_IRQChannelCmd; /*!< Specifies whether the IRQ channel defined in NVIC_IRQChannel
will be enabled or disabled.
This parameter can be set either to ENABLE or DISABLE */
} NVIC_InitTypeDef;

NVIC_IRQChannel:设置中断通道

#ifdef STM32F10X_MD
ADC1_2_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1 and ADC2 global Interrupt */
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQn = 19, /*!< USB Device High Priority or CAN1 TX Interrupts */
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn = 20, /*!< USB Device Low Priority or CAN1 RX0 Interrupts */
CAN1_RX1_IRQn = 21, /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN1_SCE_IRQn = 22, /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break Interrupt */
TIM1_UP_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTCAlarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm through EXTI Line Interrupt */
USBWakeUp_IRQn = 42 /*!< USB Device WakeUp from suspend through EXTI Line Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F10X_MD */

PinB14为EXTI15_10_IRQn

NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority:设置抢占优先级 int
NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority:设置响应优先级 int

NVIC_IRQChannelCmd:设置是否使用中断通道

ENABLE DISABLE

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;

初始化NVIC

/**
* @brief Initializes the NVIC peripheral according to the specified
* parameters in the NVIC_InitStruct.
* @param NVIC_InitStruct: pointer to a NVIC_InitTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified NVIC peripheral.
* @retval None
*/
void NVIC_Init(NVIC_InitTypeDef* NVIC_InitStruct)

相关函数

void NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(uint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup);//中断分组方式
void NVIC_Init(NVIC_InitTypeDef* NVIC_InitStruct);//初始化NVIC
void NVIC_SetVectorTable(uint32_t NVIC_VectTab, uint32_t Offset);//设置中断向量表
void NVIC_SystemLPConfig(uint8_t LowPowerMode, FunctionalState NewState);//系统低功耗配置
void SysTick_CLKSourceConfig(uint32_t SysTick_CLKSource);

配置中断函数

查看startup_stm32f10x_md.s,查找IRQHandler字段,即为函数名PinB14为EXTI15_10,故对应EXTI15_10_IRQHandler

中断函数格式如下

void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void){
/*code*/
}

还需要判断是否为PinB14触发的中断,因此需要EXTI_GetITStatus函数获取中断状态

/**
* @brief Checks whether the specified EXTI line is asserted or not.
* @param EXTI_Line: specifies the EXTI line to check.
* This parameter can be:
* @arg EXTI_Linex: External interrupt line x where x(0..19)
* @retval The new state of EXTI_Line (SET or RESET).
*/
ITStatus EXTI_GetITStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line)

参数:EXTI_Line(0..19) PinB14是EXTI_Line14

返回值:SET or RESET

还需要注意的是中断结束后需要清除中断标志位使用EXTI_ClearITPendingBit函数

/**
* @brief Clears the EXTI's line pending bits.
* @param EXTI_Line: specifies the EXTI lines to clear.
* This parameter can be any combination of EXTI_Linex where x can be (0..19).
* @retval None
*/
void EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(uint32_t EXTI_Line)

参数:EXTI_Line(0..19) PinB14是EXTI_Line14

这样,整体就完成了

void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)
{
if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line14) == SET)
{
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line14);
}
}

实际应用

光电计次,修改自江协 5-1 对射式红外传感器计次

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
uint16_t CountSensor_Count;
void CountSensor_Init(void)
{
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);//启用GPIOB的时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);//启用AFIO的时钟

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;//创建GPIO配置的结构体
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;//设置为上拉输入模式
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;//设置引脚为14
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;//设置频率为50mhz
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);//使用上部的结构体初始化

GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource14);//配置AFIO选择器,配置中断源B配置外部中断线14

EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;//创建EXTI结构体
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14;//设置EXTI lines的组合
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;//启用
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;//设置模式为中断模式
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;//设置为下降沿触发
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);//初始化EXTI

NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);//配置NVIC的分组为2分组

NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;//初始化NVIC结构体
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI15_10_IRQn;//设置中断通道
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;//启用
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;//抢占优先级
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;//响应优先级
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}

int main(void)
{
OLED_Init();
CountSensor_Init();

OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "Count:");

while (1)
{
OLED_ShowNum(1, 7, CountSensor_Count, 5);
}
}
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)
{
if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line14) == SET)//获取中断标志位是否为1
{
/*如果出现数据乱跳的现象,可再次判断引脚电平,以避免抖动*/
if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_14) == 0)
{
CountSensor_Count ++;
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line14);//清除中断标志位
}
}

总结

第一步,配置RCC ,需要开启GPIO与AFIO的时钟
第二步,配置GPIO,选择我们的端口为输入模式
第三步,配置AFIO,连接到我们用的GPIO
第四步,配置EXTI,选择触发方式,与中断模式
第五步,配置NVIC,配置中断通道以及中断优先级(抢占优先级与响应优先级)
第六步,配置中断函数,出现中断的具体实现

  • 标题: STM32 EXIT外部中断
  • 作者: Kozakemi
  • 创建于 : 2023-09-19 19:57:48
  • 更新于 : 2024-05-17 13:47:59
  • 链接: https://kozakemi.gitlab.io/post/7366408c.html
  • 版权声明: 本文章采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 进行许可。
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